Showing posts with label Sandplay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sandplay. Show all posts

Saturday, March 16, 2013

Welcome!

For professional training, please click on this LINK .

To begin reading the articles, click on this LINK.

Linda Cunningham, PhD

Because I have received so many questions about Relational Sandplay Therapy, I have decided to write about it in small, easily digestible bits. I hope that you find this information useful, and please feel free to leave a question or comment.

Note: I wrote these articles in 2010. I no longer update this blog, except for technical changes to keep it useful. I review comments from time to time, and I'll be glad to hear from you.


About Linda Cunningham


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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

Thank you for visiting Relational Sandplay Therapy. 



Saturday, August 7, 2010

The Four Archetypal Relational Fields: Field Four

    
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Field Four: The Numinous Field of the Transcendent Function

Image by Eric Cheng
Sometimes, Field Three leads us into Field Four (O’Connell, 1986), The Numinous Field, the heart of the transcendent function. The essence of Field Four is a dramatic shift in attitude accompanied by a sense of awe and the constellation of the Self that is so familiar to Jungian sandplay therapists. Field Four is a shared, transcendent, relational experience of the union of conscious and unconscious, and it is an experience completely void of anxiety. In the diagram below, the Field Four area is the outer layer of the Self In Relationship circle. This represents an ever present, numinous psychic holding. The therapeutic goal, within this timeless container of shared psychic experience, is to gradually move into embodied, emotionally connected self-reflection, and to establish fluid oscillation between all four fields. Field Four is the ever present, numinous container.
   
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Tuesday, August 3, 2010

The Four Archetypal Relational Fields: Field Three

   
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Field Three: The Field of Differentiated Oneness/ Transitional Space

Image by Eric Cheng


Field Three is characterized by the meaningful use of the symbol and deep relational connection. It holds the experience of fluent empathy where the unconscious minds of patient and therapist are aligned. It is a field of rich symbolic meaning, full associations, or meaningful silence. This is the secured-symbolizing field of transitional space (Goodheart, 1980). It is also the field that is most often described in sandplay, and it is usually experienced as a field of fluid, symbolic understanding. Experiences of meaningful resonance with the movement of psychic energies are common in this field. Dreams and sandplay often activate this field of deep meaning and connection. In the diagram below, the Field Three area is represented by the third ring from the center in the Self In Relationship circle. This represents the integrated somatic/ emotional/ symbolic-relational aspect of the Self. The therapeutic goal is to gradually move into easy connection with this field of embodied, emotionally connected self-reflection, and to establish fluid oscillation between all four fields.
   
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Friday, July 30, 2010

The Four Archetypal Relational Fields: Field Two

   
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Field Two: The Field of Twoness/ Rupture

When we find ourselves in Field Two: The Field of Twoness/Rupture, also a field of relational trauma and presymbolic experiencing, our subjective experience is that of intense affective turmoil and discontinuity. In this field we feel “held captive” in relational conflict. We find ourselves embroiled in a struggle with disturbing unconscious contents, intense affect, and mutually activated complexes. It is a field of discomfort, conflict, and difficulty, and often entails a visceral, extremely disturbing experience. A therapist may feel taken over by feelings of anxiety, terror, shame, dread, or physical illness. “Rupture” refers to the ambient anxiety in this field that empathic rupture is imminent. We fear that no matter how hard we try, we will somehow fail to provide holding in a way that avoids this rupture. Yet the sheer dynamic aliveness of this field lends itself to profound transformation. Therapeutic work in this field often requires that the therapist look to her own complexes’ involvement in the field in order to move from, a “feeling against” to a “feeling with.” (The terms “feeling with” and “feeling against” were coined by Kay Bradway (1991; 1997), but she used them in a different context.) The goal is to find within ourselves our own resistance, and to surrender into deep empathy for the primitive, traumatized places we may share with the client.

In the diagram below, the Field Two area is the second ring from the center of the Self In Relationship circle. This represents the emotional core of the Self. The therapeutic goal is to gradually move into embodied, emotionally connected self-reflection, and to establish fluid oscillation between all four fields.

Image by Eric Cheng

   
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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

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Tuesday, July 27, 2010

The Four Archetypal Relational Fields: Field One

   
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Field One: The Field of Original Oneness/Merger

In Field One the therapist’s subjective experience is often a sensory, presymbolic one. Symbolic meaning is difficult or impossible to find, and boredom, confusion, or emptiness are often the predominant countertransference states in this field. This sensory rather than emotional or thinking experience may include a focus of sensation in one’s head; dizziness; confusion; a sense of deadness; a watery feeling; a feeling of dissolving into space; a sense of being disconnected; being unable to think; a distortion of objects or people in space; or feelings of being controlled, empty, or paralyzed. The therapist will often feel held at bay, ineffective, and completely useless. It is the hallmark of the field of Original Oneness/Merger to feel boredom, anxiety, or dissociation. Therapeutic work in this field requires that the therapist tolerate, contain and digest presymbolized experience. This takes time, patience and a full use of the therapist’s reverie, including countertransference images and body sensations. This field takes us into our bodies—or out of our bodies— but always involves sensory experience. In the diagram below, the Field One area is in the center of the Self In Relationship circle. This represents the somatic core of the Self. The therapeutic goal is to gradually move into embodied, emotionally connected self-reflection, and to establish fluid oscillation between all four fields.

Image by Eric Cheng
   
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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

Thank you for visiting Relational Sandplay Therapy





Tuesday, July 20, 2010

Theoretical Understanding of the Sandplay Process



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Relational sandplay therapy embraces all of these Kalffian theoretical principles:

Unconscious processes are expressed in concrete, visible form.

“Energies in the form of ‘living symbols’ are touched upon in the personal and collective unconscious, and healing then happens spontaneously at the unconscious level” (Lauren Cunningham, 2004).

Contact with archetypal energies results in a change in relationship between inner and outer worlds. There is then a return to a more integrated state.

The Jungian individuation process leading to Wholeness is visible in sandplay.

Neumann’s stages of development are foundational.

The freeing up of blocked psychic energy may be visible in the tray.

Sandplay facilitates a regression to the mother-infant unity and healing on the matriarchal level of consciousness.

The recovery of the Feminine is profoundly healing.

Play is the mediator between conscious and unconscious and the avenue to the expression of preverbal material.

Healing is implicit in the union of opposites and the transcendent function.

The constellation/manifestation of the Self, “this inner order, this pattern of wholeness” (Kalff, 2005, p.6) is the most important moment in development of the personality and in healing.

The relativization of the ego to the Self is crucial.

The clinician holds a developmental perspective of any given series of trays (Rogers & Mitchell, 1994).

The transference may be recognizable in the sandplay itself.

This is an excerpt from an article that appeared in The Journal of Sandplay Therapy, Volume XVI, Number 2, 2007: But is it Kalffian? by Linda Cunningham

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Friday, July 16, 2010

The Clinical Attitude in Sandplay




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Relational sandplay therapy embraces all of these Kalffian principles:

Provision of the free and protected space.

Loving maternal holding of the temenos.

Receptive openness to the patient and to the unconscious as it emerges.

Allowing the emergence of the material in its own time and in its own way, without interference with the creative process.

A belief that the psyche, given the right conditions, is self-healing.

A focus on the archetypal meaning of symbols within the personal context of the patient.

The importance of the therapist’s understanding of the symbol, the patient and the patient’s flow of symbolic images in the sand.

A living connection to the Sacred.

Deep empathic connection with the client.

Emphasis on the positive transference as indicative of an intact free and protected space.

Emphasis on the nonverbal, symbolic work in the sand, and an understanding that it is    the experience itself which heals.

This is an excerpt from an article that appeared in The Journal of Sandplay Therapy, Volume XVI, Number 2, 2007: But is it Kalffian? by Linda Cunningham




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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

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Thursday, July 8, 2010

Relational Sandplay Therapy: Expanding Our Capacities for Holding in the Free and Protected Space

    
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Image by Eric Cheng

I discovered the four archetypal relational fields by accident. I was curious about certain kinds of sandplay work that did not seem to meet the classical Kalffian criteria. These sandtrays were difficult to understand, and like Kohut’s self state dream, did not seem to hold symbolic meaning. Sandplay therapists seemed baffled by these sandtrays, and were also quite self-critical, assuming that they “weren’t holding” the process “well enough.” Kalffian ideas about the free and protected space emphasize the therapist’s unconditional positive regard for the client. The Rogerian stance of warmth, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are, of course, givens in any therapeutic situation. However, when we attend to unconscious processes, other feelings and experiences may arise within this loving psychic embrace. These “other” perhaps more negative experiences often indicate the therapist’s resonance with the client’s preverbal trauma. This resonance provides an important avenue toward healing that is supported by findings in neuroscience.

In my interviews with sandplay therapists, I found that they actually experienced a full range of countertransference experience, from emotions to experiential states and body sensations, to memories, thoughts, images, fantasies and dreams. The diagram below illustrates this full range of subjective experience of the therapist, superimposed on colored bands that each represent one of the four archetypal relational fields.

Relational sandplay therapy was created to help the sandplay therapist expand her/his capacities for holding within the free and protected space.
    
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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

Thank you for visiting Relational Sandplay Therapy





Sunday, July 4, 2010

Current Trends: The Expansion of Sandplay Theory and Practice

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Sandplay therapy is expanding. The trends of expansion are:
  • A continuing effort to deeply understand particular symbols. Articles researching particular symbols have a central place in the Journal of Sandplay Therapy.
  • A continuing effort to understand the sandplay process through case studies.
  • Publication of new research that provides an evidence-based grounding for sandplay.
  • Exploration of work with new populations and diverse cultures.
  • Documentation of the history of sandplay that provides grounding for expansions of theory.
  • The integration of other theoretical stances and modalities. Many writers attempt to integrate concepts from other theories into sandplay work. Sometimes these concepts are named and cited, other times they are left implicit.
  • An emerging, more explicit recognition of issues of transference/ countertransference and the nuances of the clinical relationship.
  • A more explicit use of countertransference experience to understand preverbal/nonverbal material.
  • More emphasis on difficult countertransference experience
  • Illuminating examinations of the therapist’s internal struggle to  understand the sandplay process when working with preverbal trauma.
Relational Sandplay Therapy addresses the last four areas of expansion.

This is an excerpt from an article that appeared in The Journal of Sandplay Therapy, Volume XVI, Number 2, 2007. Cunningham, L. But is it Kalffian?


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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

Thank you for visiting Relational Sandplay Therapy





Wednesday, June 30, 2010

What is Sandplay Therapy?



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Sandplay is a powerful depth psychotherapy method for accessing and giving concrete form to  unconscious patterns and energies while simultaneously promoting healing. Through work in the sand, clients dissolve blocks to psychological growth, unearth and resolve trauma, integrate shadow and move forward on their own unique path of individuation.

Children are immediately drawn to sandplay. By playing in sand and water and using figures that play through and heal their traumas, without ever putting words to these experiences, without even needing to understand them consciously. Play is the language of childhood. Sandplay invites spontaneous and “serious” play.
represent every aspect of the world, they are able to

Adults, too, may find sandplay quite helpful in healing from early relational trauma, or moving forward on the path of individuation. Sandplay with adults is usually done within the context of an ongoing verbal therapy or analysis. In this way, two levels of healing and individuation occur simultaneously:   the more conscious verbal dialog between therapist and client invites affect and insight, and the process of working in the sand heals on an unconscious maternal, preverbal, somatic level.

Sandplay work includes the use of a sandtray, sized 28½ x 19½ x 3 inches (72.5 x 49.5 x 7.5 cm). It is painted blue on the inside, and half filled with sand. Water may be added as the sandplayer wishes. Shelves of figures—representing every aspect of the world—are nearby, waiting for the sandplayer to choose and place them in the sand.

For more information on sandplay, see www.sandplay.org, “About Sandplay.”

Relational Sandplay Therapy is an approach designed for the seasoned sandplay therapist. Before using this approach, clinicians should receive training in the basic principles of Jungian sandplay therapy.

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Please visit www.SandplayTrainingWorldwide.com for full current information and to register for training.

Thank you for visiting Relational Sandplay Therapy